Appy Christmas! – The best apps for kids
Recommendations of apps for kids to entertain and educate them whilst they wait for Father Christmas and the Three Kings to come
Parenthood
Parenthood
Stop Walking on Eggshells
Two authors go on a quest to help the readers better understand the diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder, while enlightening non-diagnosed family members and friends on how to take some control over their lives and improve the relationships with their diagnosed loved ones.
Eating Disorders: More Than Just Problems with Food and Weight
Welcome to the Parenthood section of Kids in Madrid. We are here to discuss topics that many parents experience. Eating disorders can be a frigtening topic for many people, but here are some insihts to help you when talking to your kids.
Play is a child’s work
The relationship between play and language The development of language is closely linked to the development of play. Play allows children to learn new skills and reinforce old skills and is vital to the development of speech, language, numeracy and social skills. Afterall, play is a child’s work. Exploratory play At first a child plays by exploring –she mouths objects, handles objects and observes other people. Through exploratory play the child learns that different objects have different uses and characteristics. This allows the child to build up an internal concept of objects based on what you can and can’t do with it, what it is made of and what it is associated with. This information provides a framework to which the name of the object can be added when the child starts talking. Without this framework, the child has nothing to ‘hook’ the word onto when he learns new vocabulary. How to encourage exploratory play As well as toys, allow your child access to real everyday objects to explore. Observe him playing with them and show him how to use them. By the age of 9 months most children know what everyday objects are for, e.g. hairbrush, cup, spoon, hat etc. Imaginative play Imaginative play includes playing with large dollies and teddies, playing with miniatures (dolls house, tea set etc), understanding pictures and engaging in pretend play (e.g. dressing up). Around 15 months of age a child will act out everyday events with large dollies and teddies e.g. feeding teddy, putting dolly to bed etc. By 18 months of age a child can usually recognise and play with miniature toys and is able to understand picture material. As the child develops imaginary play skills she is learning to understand increasingly abstract symbols. Words are the most abstract form of symbols; a set of sounds used to represent an object. Imaginary play skills show that a child knows that one object or picture can symbolise another, just as a word represents an object. How to encourage imaginative play Involve a dolly or teddy and appropriate objects in everyday situations so that when your child is being fed, she can feed dolly or when your child’s brushing her teeth, she can brush teddy’s teeth too. To help a child to understand miniatures, play with the real object and then show him the miniature version of the object To help a child understand pictures, show her real objects and then show her pictures tof the objects and encourage her to match the pictures and objects By Cathy Smitton, Speech and Language Therapist in Sinews MTI, Child and adult Speech and Language Therapy working in Zurbano and La Moraleja.
Temper tantrums: coping with your children’s emotions
Temper tantrums. Just the thought of one is enough to make you cringe.
Social skills: skills for happiness
From all the species that populate our planet, humans are considered the most sociable one.
Must know about Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that occurs as a result of a brain chemical imbalance that affects only certain functions (concentration or behavior planning) but does not affect global intelligence. Even though the exact cause of the disorder remains unknown, research indicates a strong genetic component related to the inheritance of a chemical imbalance of dopamine (up to 30% of all cases, one of the parents suffers the same problem.) There is also an indication that there may be a relation to perinatal complications (problems around time of delivery). Children are immature beings and it is normal to have some degree of hyperactivity and impulsivity, and, of course, they can’t focus attention for as long as adults. However, we also know that between 5 and 10% of school-age children suffer from this problem. These children exhibit certain characteristics or signs from a very young age: they are extremely active -they seem to have a “motor”-; they change from activity to activity quickly and do not complete tasks; they are absent-minded, often lose things, and have difficulty planning and organizing their time; they are often unable to predict the consequences of their actions, and seem to be very daring; they have difficulty waiting their turn and tolerating frustration, and might have problems with peer relationships. These are children have difficulty focusing in class or following instructions given to them at home, and they often make “stupid” mistakes for not adequately paying attention. A “side effect” of particular concern to professionals is that of low motivation. We frequently find that our school-age patients have “given up” or are discouraged because they see the results of their efforts and continually face negative feedback. Teachers are most commonly the first ones to alert parents to any difficulty that their child is having (15% teachers vs. 6% parents). This is normal because they work with the child in a noisy environment, full of stimuli and where paying attention, taking turns and inhibition of impulses, etc. are in the top 10 of “what to do.” Whenever the teacher is suspicious, it’s worth a visit to an expert for an evaluation. Two professionals working together would ideally carry out the diagnostic process: a doctor (either a child psychiatrist or pediatric neurologist) and a psychologist. The psychologist will administer tests in order to confirm that there is a problem with attention and measure its severity, as well as to rule out other causes of deterioration in academic performance (i.e. borderline intellectual functioning or learning disabilities). The evaluation process will include interviews with parents, the child and teachers. The doctor will corroborate the diagnosis after discarding other physical problems that can impair attention and evaluate whether medication is needed or not. Medication only makes sense when the concentration problem reaches a critical intensity and interferes in several areas of the child’s life: school, social relationships, family life… In case the inattention problems are mild, first step is parent training to help children learn skills that will promote attention or inhibition of impulses, and teaching parents how to give instructions, and to work with the child on study skills, self-instruction techniques, etc. The most effective form of treatment in case of a moderate or severe attentional deficit is to combine cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and medication. Sinews is a center that offers all services in English and Spanish. The “Kids” division includes a full team of specialists: psychiatrists, psychologists, speech therapists & occupational therapist with tests available both in english and spanish. For more information, check the website. Follow our blog for more information about ADHD.
Language Delay
Mariana Lombardo, (speech therapist at SINEWS Multilingual Therapy Institute)
A premature baby
Giving birth to a premature baby can be very disconcerting. It’s tricky to rejoice at an event as unexpected as the anticipated birth of a child, when the baby still had several weeks in the womb. A premature baby is considered to be so before 37 weeks When faced with a premature birth, all sorts of emotions can surface in parents, such as worry, concern,hope and an enormous sense of protectiveness and strength to help your child get through this period. If the baby is born before its time, he won’t have had the time to develop fully and will therefore be underdeveloped. Underdeveloped babies tend to have a lower weight and have a tendency towards specific health issues (which doesn’t mean that they will suffer from them all!). What we hope to achieve is to help you accompany you with your child during this time and prepare you receive your child as soon as possible. Several aspects are important Information Adequate information is the first step. Today you can easily access it through various sources: reference books, associations, projects, etc.. It’s will help you become more familiar with the special attention that premature babies require during their different stages of development and progress etc.. Communication with doctors Sometimes going into all the nitty gritty details of your babies health can cause distress, something you may to try and avoid, but fluid communication with your doctor will benefit your baby. You mustn’t be afraid of asking questions. Round up family support At this time support from your family members is essential so that you can dedicate your time exclusively to your baby, whether your baby is hospitalised or at home. Breastfeeding Whenever possible, breastfeeding is best for your premature baby. Both from a nutritional perspective thanks to its antiallergenic and immunological benefits, and from an emotional point of view, as it strengthens the bond between mother and baby. Breast milk for premature babies can be provided preferably directly through suckling or using a breast pump. It’s not easy, you have to exercise a degree of patience as on occasions the baby has to make a huge effort to suckle. Contact with your baby Although the baby may not show signs nor respond to your presence, early contact between parent and baby is an important stimulant -just as important as feeding. It’s natural to feel a certain level of concern due to the baby’s fragile nature, but nonetheless your baby has a huge need for contact, as with any newborn. Premature babies can receive warmth, massages and skin to skin contact. Send out positive messages As well as direct contact, oral contact is also another way of stimulating your baby and creating a positive relationship. Kind softly spoken words transmit love, security and tranquility. It’s a way to make them feel that they are not alone and bit by bit recognize their parents’ voice. Talk to your baby, don’t doubt it for a second, your baby can hear you. Parent support groups Share your experiences with other parents. It can be very positive and reassuring. It’s important not to isolate yourselves. Exchange feelings and concerns at the hospital as well as in support groups. Kangaroo method and its benefits The best thing you can do in relation to the care of premature is to provide contact through touch, massage and skin contact. The kangaroo method has been proved to be very beneficial for babies and their development. The parent remains seated or semi seating, cradling the baby for as long as possible. This has shown to be a very effective technique in the treatment of premature babies, and it’s increasingly recommended by neonatal intensive care units whether your baby is in hospital care or at home. Benefits include the regulation of breathing and body temperature, stress reduction, better toleration to pain, easier breastfeeding and a greater emotional bond. Emotional benefits The baby is in its mother’s embrace where it finds shelter and food. The skin to skin contact is vital for your child. It gives your baby a sense of security, tranquility and promotes the emotional bond between mother and baby. Neurological benefits A baby that is in contact with his mother is able to better regulate stress better, the kangaroo system helps premature babies better tolerate medical interventions as their pain control is increased. It helps start their neurobiological mechanisms and improve their adaptive responses. Improves vital signs Thanks to the baby’s close contact with the mother, the baby regulates its body temperature better. A sort of synchronization between mother and baby takes place whereby when the baby needs more warmth, the mothers body temperature rises to meet that need. However, when the baby has a fever, the mother’s body temperature lowers. Improvements for your baby It favors their psychomotor development, decreases apnea (temporary cessation of breathing) and improves their immune system which protects them from infections. Their clinical condition will improve notably, with weight gain and more rapid improvement. Benefits for parents At the same time parents feel more directly connected to their child’s improvement, they feel more secure and it gives them strength during their baby’s time in hospital. Those who have practiced the Kangaroo method confirm that it’s an enjoyable experience which adds a sense of wellbeing to both parent and baby. It’s important to remember To take care of yourself as this is also another key way to help your child. Take breaks during the care and attention process, establish support networks and keep a personal diary to jot down any doubts and to be able to let go of any negative thoughts. This will help you to remain calm and healthy and your baby will pick up on this and feel good too. Adjust your baby’s age at least until 2 years old, in order to have an accurate idea as to what their development should be. Normally at 2 years old premature baby’s development has stabilized but until this time it’s important to
Feeding a baby… pleasure or pain?
A good diet is fundamental for the healthy growth of your baby as this is the foundation for physical, emotional and social development. Nutrition and health are directly linked in life, but the connection is even more vital during childhood. During this first phase of feeding a baby, they can develop good habits at mealtimes in terms of variety, tastes, textures, times, etc. Breast milk is the best food that mothers can offer their children during the first months of life. Not only because of its composition but also for the emotional bond that develops between mother and baby during breastfeeding. Breast milk protects the baby from many illnesses such as colds, pneumonia, diarrhea, ear infections, urinary tract infections, etc … baby feeding Crying is a delayed signal of hunger so don’t wait until your baby cries, offer your baby to breastfeed as soon as you notice that your baby is willing to suckle. When breastfeeding is difficult At times it may be helpful for the mother to express milk, or for someone to save and feed the baby when she can’t, or to relieve discomfort caused by the accumulation of excessive milk during those times when your baby’s appetite declines. The baby’s reluctance to breastfeed can cause anxiety for both mother and baby but in particular for the mother who feels responsible. Although difficult, it’s necessary to remain calm because anxiety in the mother can easily be transmitted to the child. Moving onto solids At around 6 months the baby’s nutritional needs change as the baby develops. The baby can no longer thrive on just breast milk as this would lead to a nutritional disadvantage. Moving onto solids requires help from the parent and a degree of patience in order to ensure that the baby accepts this new form of food. In order to reduce anxiety it’s important to be aware of possible food intolerances, causes of diarrhea, raised temperature, constipation, etc … Around 7 months the child recognises basic emotions in the people who care for him. If the mother or father is tense at mealtimes, the baby will get anxious. If your baby cries and refuses to eat, consult food supplements with your paediatrician. However if your baby continues to cry and there is no evidence of food intolerance, it’s likely to be a reaction to your anxiety and stress at mealtimes. You need to be the ones to control the situation and transmit security and confidence to your baby. Possible solutions when your baby refuses to eat Mealtime needs to be an enjoyable routine for your baby Avoid punishing your child if he doesn’t finishes his food. It’s important to reinforce good eating practices displayed by your child with praise. If your baby isn’t a good eater and he does it well, you can give your baby something he really enjoys (reinforcing the activity in adequate measures. It’s something he has to do every day so the reward shouldn’t be disproportionate.) Allow your toddler to help lay the table. It’s very important to reinforce their independence in this respect. Help your child with how they view food visually. Put the same amount of food on a large plate so that the portion looks small. Let your toddler choose some of the menu. Don’t forget that mealtime has a clear place and time. It shouldn’t be prolonged excessively nor should you chase your child around your home tried to get him to eat. How to educate your child to eat well: Eating habits should be tended to adequately from the earliest stage. This is a task that both parents and carers have to do equally. You can establsih good eating habbits in the following way: Let the child feed himself. Both for his/her independence and for his/her need to be able to feed himself. Expose them to new tastes, textures, flavours in food. Ensure they learn good table manners, hygiene and social interaction at mealtimes. You can use dinnertime to talk to them, what’s happened during the day and to allow them to tell you fun things that they have done and what they are going to do. Keep mealtime hours regular. Developing cooking skills Fun and education for older children. A fun activity to do as a family. Eating is one of life’s great pleasures. Meals are usually social occasions with the family, friends, it also protects your health and can provide a fun activity in the kitchen for children. It enables children to enjoy the kitchen and it’s a good way to teach them skills and dedicate some time together. Some recommendations Choose simple and easy recipes, if they’re too complicated children can get bored as they can’t participate as much. Let them help you buy the ingredients. Children can be in the kitchen with adults who supervise them “discreetly”. It shouldn’t be a cause of anxiety. Be clear about the tasks your child will do. Make sure that the tasks you give them don’t pose any risks so that they can’t do it alone and they can feel proud of their role and you can praise their work. (decorate, pour milk, mix, remove….) Avoid saying “no”. Put adequate clothes on your child – clothes that can get dirty. Let your child taste, touch…As adults we are horrified when our children get dirty but this activity is really important, in particular from ages two and up with respect to bladder control. This will help them to be ever more careful. This activity will help their self-esteem, attention and knowledge of the tasks, utensils, food, etc…. It will help them learn how to plan, decide, measure, weigh, take responsibility, and will result in them giving more value to safety and hygiene as well as sharing activities with the family. When food intolerance rears its ugly head … Substances that cause allergies are highly dependent on the frequency with which you are in contact with the allergen. This is also the case with food. The more a